Types of Threads ?
Viruses: Programs that infect other programs by adding to them a virus code to get access at an infected file start-up. This simple definition discovers the main action of a virus – infection. The spreading speed of viruses is lower than that of worms.
Worms: This type of Malware uses network resources for spreading. This class was called worms because of its peculiar feature to “creep” from computer to computer using network, mail and other informational channels. Thanks to it spreading speed of worms is very high.
Worms intrude your computer, calculate network addresses of other computers and send to these addresses its copies. Besides network addresses, the data of the mail clients' address books is used as well. Representatives of this Malware type sometimes create working files on system discs, but may not deploy computer resources (except the operating memory).
Trojans: Programs that execute on infected computers unauthorized by user actions; i.e. depending on the conditions delete information on discs, make the system freeze, steal personal information, etc. this Malware type is not a virus in traditional understanding (i.e. does not infect other programs or data): Trojans cannot intrude the PC by themselves and are spread by violators as “useful” and necessary software. And still harm caused by Trojans is higher than of traditional virus attack.
Spyware: Software that allows to collect data about a specific user or organization, who are not aware of it. You may not even guess about having spyware on your computer. As a rule the aim of spyware is to:
- Trace user's actions on computer
- Collect information about hard drive contents; it often means scanning some folders and system registry to make a list of software installed on the computer.
- Collect information about quality of connection, way of connecting, modem speed, etc.
Collecting information is not the main function of these programs, they also threat security. Minimum two known programs – Gator andeZula – allow violator not only collect information but also control the computer. Another example of spyware are programs embedded in the browser installed on the computer and retransfer traffic. You have definitely come across such programs, when inquiring one address of a web-site, another web-site was opened. One of the spyware is phishing- delivery.
Phishing: It is a mail delivery whose aim is to get from the user confidential financial information as a rule. Phishing is a form of a social engineering, characterized by attempts to fraudulently acquire sensitive information, such as passwords and credit card details, by masquerading as a trustworthy person or business in an apparently official electronic communication, such as an email or an instant message. The messages contain link to a deliberately false site where user is suggested to enter number of his/her credit card and other confidential information.
Adware: Program code embedded to the software without user being aware of it to show advertising. As a rule adware is embedded in the software that is distributed free. Advertisement is in the working interface. Adware often gathers and transfer to its distributor personal information of the user.
Riskware: This software is not a virus, but contains in itself potential threat. By some conditions presence of such riskware on your PC puts your data at risk. To this software refer utilities of remote administration, programs that use Dial Up-connection and some others to connect with pay-per-minute internet sites.
Jokes: Software that does not harm your computer but displays messages that this harm has already been caused, or is going to be caused on some conditions. This software often warns user about not existing danger, e.g. display messages about hard disc formatting (though no formatting is really happening), detect viruses in not infected files and etc.
Rootkit: These are utilities used to conceal malicious activity. They disguise Malware, to prevent from being detected by the antivirus applications. Rootkits can also modify operating system on the computer and substitute its main functions to disguise its presence and actions that violator makes on the infected computer.
Other malware: Different programs that have been developed to create other Malware, organizing DoS-attacks on remote servers, intruding other computers, etc. Hack Tools, virus constructors and other refer to such programs.
Spam: Anonymous, mass undesirable mail correspondence. Spam is political and propaganda delivery, mails that ask to help somebody. Another category of spam are messages suggesting you to cash a great sum of money or inviting you to financial pyramids, and mails that steal passwords and credit card number, messages suggesting to send them to your friends (messages of happiness), etc. spam increases load on mail servers and increases the risk lose information that is important for the user.
Top 10 Types of Smartphone Displays,
Touchscreens
TFT LCD:
TFT stands for Thin Film Transistor technology. TFT LCDs are the most common type of display units used across mobile phones. TFT LCD offer better image quality and higher resolutions compared to earlier generation LCD displays but their limitation lies in narrow viewing angles and poor visibility in direct light or sunlight.
Large TFT displays consume more power and hence are not battery friendly. But since these are cheaper to manufacture these are found on budget phones, feature phones and lower end smartphones.
IPS-LCD:
IPS stands for In-Place Switching. IPS LCDs are superior to normal TFT LCD displays with wider viewing angles and lower power consumption which leads to a much improved battery life. IPS-LCDs are costlier than normal TFT LCD and hence are found only on higher end smartphones. A higher resolution (640 x 960 pixels) version of IPS LCD is used in Apple iPhone 4 and is called Retina Display because of its brilliant picture quality.
Resistive Touchscreen LCD:
Touchscreen LCD displays are of two types – Resistive and Capacitive. Resistive touchscreens contain two layer of conductive material with a very small gap between them which acts as a resistance. When the resistive touchscreen is touched with finger (or stylus) the two layers meet at the point of touch thus making a circuit at the point of touch. This information is recognized by the mobile’s processor / chip and passed on to the mobile’s OS there by triggering and event / action at the point of touch.
Resistive Touchscreens are not as responsive as capacitive touchscreens and often require a stylus to identify point of touch accurately. These are used only in lower end smartphones and feature touch phones.
Capacitive Touchsceen LCD:
Capacitive touchscreen technology consists of a layer of glass coated with a transparent conductor (like indium tin oxide). When a capacitive touchscreen is touched by human body (finger), an interruption is created in the screens electrostatic field (which is measurable as a change in capacitance) which is detected by phone’s processor or chip and which in turn instructs phone’s operating system to trigger and event or action accordingly.
Capacitive touchsceens are much better and responsive to human touch when compared to resistive touchsceens and hence the user experience for touch is much better with capacitive touchscreens. Capacitive Touchsceens are used in most of the higher end smartphones.
OLED:
OLED stands for Organic Light Emitting Diode and is a newer technology for displays of mobiles and monitors. In OLED technology a layer of organic material (carbon based) is sandwiched between two conducting sheets (an anode and a cathode), which in turn are sandwiched between a glass top plate (seal) and a glass bottom plate (substrate). When electric pulse is applied the two conducting sheets, electro-luminescent light is produced directly from the organic material sandwiched between. Brightness and color can vary depending on the electric pulse.
OLEDs are much better compared to LCDs because of their exceptional color reproduction, blazing fast response times, wider viewing angles, higher brightness and extremely light weight designs.
AMOLED:
AMOLED stands for Active-Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode. AMOLED displays are a type of OLED displays for mobiles and are rapidly gaining popularity in top end smartphone segment. AMOLED screens have all the attributes of an OLED display like brilliant color reproduction, light weight, better battery life, higher brightness and sharpness and light weight designs.
AMOLED displays are now getting into main stream and most of the latest higher end smartphones like Nokia N8 are now coming with AMOLED displays. If you can shell out a little extra, our suggestion is to go with AMOLEDs over TFT LCDs.
Super AMOLED displays:
Super AMOLED displays are an even advanced version of AMOLED displays developed by Samsung. Super AMOLED display is built with touch sensors on the display itself, as opposed to creating a separate touch sensitive layer (as in capacitive touchscreen). This makes it the thinnest display technology on the market.
Super AMOLED displays are also much more responsive than other AMOLED displays. Samsung’s recent top of the line smartphone Samsung Galaxy S I9000 comes with Super AMOLED.
Retina Display:
Retina Display is a term used by Apple for its high resolution (640 x 960 pixels) IPS LCD (with backlit LED) used by them in iPhone4. They call it the Retina display because its pixels cannot be individually identified by the human eye, thus making the display super sharp and brilliant.
Haptic / Tactile touchscreen:
Haptic technology has been used by Blackberry and Nokia for their touchscreen smartphones targeted towards enterprise market. This technology provides a tactile feedback on a touch action on the screen thus providing an immediate and unmistakable confirmation to the user. Haptic technology has been found to significantly improve user performance, accuracy and satisfaction while typing on a touchscreen.
Gorilla Glass:
Gorilla Glass is a special alkali-aluminosilicate glass shield with exceptional damage resistance that helps protect mobile displays from scratches, drops, and bumps of everyday use. Many companies like Motorola, Samsung and Nokia are now using Gorilla Glass to make their mobile displays more durable and reliable. It is always better to go for a smartphone with Gorilla Glass for that added protection and peace of mind.
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